Four Categories Necessary to Define any Subject
Why these?
Answer |
New Framework for K-12 Science Education Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas
2011
| Catgories chart | |
National Science Standards Categories
1995 |
Project 2061 Categories
1991, 1994 |
Science Inquiry Knowledge
- The basic assumptions and ideas used to construct understanding of ideas in a subject or discipline.
Process skills
- The system of actions, procedures, and, ideas that are used to create knowledge in a subject or discipline.
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Scientific and Engineering Practices
EP1: Asking questions (science) and defining problems (engineering)
EP2: Developing and using models
EP3: Planning and carrying out investigations
EP4: Analyzing and interpreting data
EP5: Using mathematics and computational thinking
EP6: Construting explanations (science) and designing solutions (engineering)
EP7: Engaging in argument from evidence
EP8: Obtaining, evaluation, and communicating information
2. Crosscutting Concepts
CC1: Patterns
CC2: Cause and effect: Mechanism and explanation
CC3: Scale, proportion, and quantity
CC4: Systems and system models
CC5: Energy and matter: Flows, cycles, and conservation
CC6: Structure and functions
CC7: Stability and change |
Science as Inquiry
- Inquiry is the process of investigation to make discoveries.
Unifying Concepts
Systems, Order, and Organization
Evidence, Models, and Explanations
Constancy, Change, and Measurement
Evolution and Equilibrium
Form and Function |
Nature of science:
- world view,
inquiry skill,
science enterprise
Common Themes:
Systems
Models
Constancy
Scale |
Content Knowledge
- The ideas (facts, concepts, generalizations, principles, theories, and or laws) that are created by doing the subject.
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Disciplinary Core Ideas
Physical science
- PS1: Matter and its interactions
- PS2: Motion and stability: Forces and interactions
- PS3: Energy
- PS4: Waves and their applications in technologies for information transfer
Life Science
- LS1: From molecules to organisms: Structures and processes
- LS2: Ecosystems: Interactions, energy, and dynamics
- LS3: Heredity: Inheritance and variation of traits
- LS4: Biological evolution: Unity and diversity
Earth's systems
- ESS1: Earth's place in the universe
- ESS2: Earth's systems
- ESS3: Earth and human activity
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Content Ideas
Physical science
- Materials can exist in different states- solids, liquids, and gas. Some common materials, such as water, can be changed from one state to another by heating or cooling.
Life science
- Plants and animals have life cycles that include being born, developing into adults, reproducing, and eventually dying. The details of this life cycle are different for different organisms.
Earth science
- The surface of the earth changes. Some changes are due to slow processes, such s erosion and weathering, and some changes are due to rapid processes, such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.
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Content Ideas
Physical Universe:
- Universe, Earth, processes shape earth, structure of matter, energy transformations, motion, forces of nature
Living:
- Diversity of life, heredity, cells, interdependency of life, flow of matter and energy, evolution of life,
Human organism:
- Human identity, human development, basic functions, learning, physical health, mental health
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Perspective
- The relationship of the different dimensions of a subject or discipline to its other dimensions and to its whole as well as the subject's or discipline's relative significance for explaining and understanding the world.
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Perspective
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Engineering, technology, and the Applications of Science
- ETS1: Engineering design
- ETS2: Links among engineering, technology, science, and society
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Perspective
Science and Technology
Science in Personal and Social Perspectives
History & Nature of Science
Science and technology |
Perspective
Nature of science:
- Technology and science, design and systems, issues of technology
Historical perspective |
Attitude
- The diposition and values that people have that increase their likelihood of success in the subject or discipline.
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Habits of mind
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