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Self Development &
Individual, Group, & Classroom Management


This page is a comprehensive source to reflect and share ways to interact with individuals and groups, both inside and outside classrooms, to use behavior analysis to manage and faciliate learning. Learning with dignity through effective communication and interactions to sustain or motivate learners who will have the self-efficacy to set and achieve goals to facilitate their growth in a sustainable community. Growth in understanding them self and learning what is necessary (social, emotional, physical mental, & intellectual) to become life long learners.

Historically this has been known as management, which people perceive in different ways. Ways, to manage, which are often described with verbs: run, organize, care, lead, control, supervise, oversee, and guide.

This list includes twelve different kinds of outcomes, which can be used to guide a reflection to select actions and goals for your managagement of individuals, groups, and classrooms. A vision and action plan of management. For example: If you believe teacher leaders are the best way to help people achieve a life worth living, then review or create documents to describe this vision. The following information is provided to achieve this and to generally assist people to learn and grow in positive ways.

Quotes that might inspire your management ... like ...

We are all imperfect humans doing the best we can. Give warmth, affection, care, and unconditional positive regard. Carl Rogers

Theories, Models, and Teacher tools for behaior analysis decision making

Laws & legal issues

Motivation & reinforcement

Getting to know students and building social cohesion

Parent and community relations

Recess - Recess isn’t recess if it isn’t free choice.

Social skills see collaboration

Student's their thoughts and words

 

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Intervention notes

All of these interventions, as well as others, can be incorporated into procedures for helping students and others change behaviors by interacting with them as learners to set goals to plan and implement interventions to achieve mastery oriented behaviors.

With a strong background of pedagogical and management skills teachers can intervene with environmental changes, self-monitoring, social reinforcers, stimulus control, extrinsic reinforcement, response cost ... . With a general conversational procedure to facilitate change by incorporating any of these interventions individually or in combination.

Background

Some possible indicators for interventions as they can causes student's to struggle and lead to absenteeism and possibly dropping out if solutions aren't found.

  • Academics are so challenging that students fail to attempt to work or complete assignments in a manner that motivates them to learn how to learn.
  • Are disconnected or disengaged as learners or with their peers.
  • Are chronic discipline problems.
  • Lack school resources and supports.
  • Technology and social media interfers with their learning or positive social interactions.
  • Has or is developing a history of chronic absenteeism and truancy.
  • Bullying.
  • Has power issues.
  • Involved in school violence.
  • Has a history of family mental and/or physical health issues.
  • Involved with negative peer influences.
  • Has substance abuse issues.
  • There are language barriers.
  • There are cultural and racial disparity.
  • Homelessness.
  • Poverty.
  • Pregnancy.
  • Lack of grit and fostering resiliency and a self-encouraging mindset.
  • Are unable to meet their needs for appropriate personal choice and freedom.

All interventions should be implemented in an ethical manner and use the fair-pair rule.

Interventions should be selected which are the least restrictive and have the greatest opportunity for success.

Least restrictive interventions require self-discipline and intrinsic motivation for students to cooperate and learn, which further increases self-discipline, intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy.

Most restrictive interventions use extrinsic motivation and are often used with students that lack self-discipline. These interventions alone seldom help students develop self-discipline, intrinsic motivation, and self-efficacy. Hence they are best paired with other interventions.

Stages of misbehavior descriptions and interventions

Intervention strategies below are categorized into six categories in a continuum from least restrictive to most restrictive.

Intervention strategies

Environmental interventions - least restrictive

Self monitoring strategies to manage tension, stress, anxiety, annoyance, giving up

Social reinforcers

Stimulus Control

  • Contingencies: Can be written or oral. They are basically: If, then and When, then statements. Also know as: Grandma’s Rule or Premeck’s principle:
    Eat your beans and you can have dessert. When, then:
    When you eat your beans, then you can have dessert. If, then:
    If you eat your beans, then you can have dessert.
    Could also use what is know as a reverse of If, then:
    If I help you with the first one, then do you think you might be able to do the second? or
    After you do the first one together with the student, then... If I help you with one more, then do you think you can do the next one?
  • Self-management contracts
  • Countoon
  • Peer-management
  • Mediation
  • Modeling
  • Change time of activity
  • Change setting of activity
  • Shaping
  • Prompting
  • Extinction
  • Proximity control
  • Interest boosting
  • Student centered instruction
  • Move student’s desk
  • Move student in class
  • Antiseptic bouncing
  • Use of a study carrel
  • Physical guidance

Extrinsic Reinforcement

  • Reinforcement
  • Reinforcers
  • Rewards - beans in a jar, extra recess, free time, centers by choice, film, tape, stickers, treasure chest, stars, extra free time, recess, awards‚
  • Token economy
  • Point system
  • Contingency contracts
  • Group contingencies
  • Level systems
  • Differential reinforcement of other behaviors (DRO)
  • Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors (DRA)
  • Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors (DRI)

Response cost - most restrictive

Activities to Practice Teacher Skills and Create documents for classrooms

Preactivities to get to know ...

Activities to make or build

Teacher resources by Labels

General information about labels

Book resources

Learning to become a better classrooms manager

 

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Studyies find:

Common Pesticides Linked to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

A study finds a connection between high exposure to common pesticides and increased risk for children developing ADHD.

Maryse Bouchard and colleagues used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected from 2000 and 2004. The sample included more than 1,100 children aged between 8 and 15. In this sample 119 were diagnosed with ADHD and their urine samples contained dialkyl phosphates - chemicals which result when organophosphate pesticides used to protect fruits and vegetables are broken down by the body. In the samples with a 10-fold increase in one of those compounds, the number of children with ADHD was more than half. And for the most common breakdown product, dimethyl triophosphate, the odds of ADHD almost doubled in kids with above-average levels compared to those without detectable levels [Reuters].

There are about 40 organophosphate pesticides in use in the United States, the most famous is malathion. In 2008, a government report found detectable concentrations of malathion in 28 percent of frozen blueberry samples, 25 percent of fresh strawberry samples and 19 percent of celery samples [MSNBC].

The weakness of their study is the NHANES data use only one urine sample. Thus, they couldn’t determine the source of contamination, nor could they see how levels of the chemicals in question built up over time. As such - Bouchard and colleagues write, their study shows correlation but not causation.

Bouchard’s analysis is the first to home in on organophosphate pesticides as a potential contributor to ADHD in young children. But the author stresses that her study uncovers only an association, not a direct causal link between pesticide exposure and ADHD. However, organophosphates are known to cause damage to nerve connections in the brain — after all that’s how they kill agricultural pests [TIME].

Still more to know. But another reminder to - wash your fruits and vegetables thoroughly.

 

Middle & High Schools
Starting time:

The American Academy of Pediatrics & Centers for Disease Control recommend classes should start at 8:30 a.m. of later.

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Way to - Keep it Positive

Autism photo mirella dapretto

Autistic and normally developed children brains were scanned (MRI) as they were shown photos of facial expressions conveying a range of emotions (fear, happiness, anxiety, sadness, ...) and asked to perform a task.

Interesting patterns were observed in two areas. An area near the front of the brain that includes the mirror-neuron system (cells fire here both when an action is performed and when watching another person perform that action) and the movement center (An area associated with changing facial expressions).

Both groups of children had similar brain activity in the movement centers of the brain. However, the activity in the mirror-neuron centers was different. In fact the more severe a child's social impairment, the weaker the brain activity in the mirror-region.

Autistic children could make their face match the expression on the face in the picture, which supports the similar activity found in the movement center, but the weaker activity in the mirror-neuron area suggests they were not able to "feel what a person feels" when making a related facial expression.

Biophysically, these results can be explained since both the mirror-neuron center and the movement center are connected to the emotional centers of the brain. This connection creates empathy with other people.

Autistic children were able to distinguish facial expressions, copy them, but not feel or associate the particular emotion.

This suggests interventions that help children associate specific facial expression to past feelings they have experienced, which correspond to the expression pictured to facilitate children's emotional and social development.
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